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Earth science also known as geoscience, the geosciences or the Earth Sciences, is an all-embracing term for
the sciences related to the planet Earth. It is arguably a special case in planetary science, the Earth
being the only known life-bearing planet. There are both reductionist and holistic approaches to Earth science.
There are four major disciplines in earth sciences, namely geography, geology, geophysics and geodesy. These major
disciplines use physics, chemistry, biology, chronology and mathematics to build a quantitative understanding of
the principal areas or spheres of the Earth system.
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